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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltam | om kalasalt |
| 2SG: | kalasaltat | ot kalasalt |
| 3SG: | kalasalteš | ok/ogeš kalasalt |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalasalt |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalasalt |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑t | ogə̑t kalasalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltə̑m | šə̑m kalasalt |
| 2SG: | kalasaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalasalt |
| 3SG: | kalasalte | ə̑š kalasalt |
| 1PL: | kalasaltna | ə̑šna kalasalt |
| 2PL: | kalasaltda | ə̑šda kalasalt |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑č́ | ə̑št kalasalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltə̑nam | kalasaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalasaltə̑nat | kalasaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalasaltə̑n | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑nna | kalasaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑nda | kalasaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑nə̑t | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltam ə̑l'e | om kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalasaltat ə̑l'e | ot kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalasalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalasalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltam ulmaš | om kalasalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalasaltat ulmaš | ot kalasalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalasalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalasalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalasalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalasalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalasalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalasaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalasaltə̑n ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltə̑nam ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalasaltə̑nat ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalasaltə̑n ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalasaltə̑nna ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalasaltə̑nda ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalasaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalasalt | it kalasalt |
| 3SG: | kalasaltše | ə̑nže kalasalt |
| 1PL: | (kalasaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalasalt) |
| 2PL: | kalasaltsa | ida kalasalt |
| 3PL: | kalasaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalasalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltnem | ə̑nem kalasalt |
| 2SG: | kalasaltnet | ə̑net kalasalt |
| 3SG: | kalasaltneže | ə̑než kalasalt |
| 1PL: | kalasaltnena | ə̑nena kalasalt |
| 2PL: | kalasaltneda | ə̑neda kalasalt |
| 3PL: | kalasaltnešt | ə̑nešt kalasalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalasaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalasaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalasaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalasaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalasaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalasalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalasaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalasalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalasaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net kalasalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalasaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalasalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalasaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalasalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalasaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalasalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalasaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalasaltman |
| Active participle: | kalasaltše |
| Passive participle: | kalasaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalasaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalasaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalasaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalasaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalasaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalasaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalasaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalasaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalasaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||